ionization energies (in
ev, electron volts) for
each electron, beginning (at left) with the outermost electron
|
I |
II |
III |
IV |
V |
VI |
VII |
VIII |
IX |
X |
XI |
XII |
XIII |
XIV |
XV |
XVI |
XVII |
XVIII |
XIX |
XX |
XXI |
H |
13.598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
He |
24.587 |
54.416 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Li |
5.392 |
75.638 |
122.451 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Be |
9.322 |
18.211 |
153.893 |
217.713 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B |
8.298 |
25.155 |
37.93 |
259.366 |
340.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
11.26 |
24.383 |
47.887 |
64.492 |
392.08 |
489.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N |
14.534 |
29.601 |
47.448 |
77.472 |
97.89 |
552.06 |
667.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
13.618 |
35.117 |
54.934 |
77.413 |
113.9 |
138.12 |
739.32 |
871.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
17.422 |
34.97 |
62.707 |
87.138 |
114.24 |
157.16 |
185.18 |
953.89 |
1103.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ne |
21.564 |
40.962 |
63.45 |
97.11 |
126.21 |
157.93 |
207.26 |
239.09 |
1195.8 |
1362.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Na |
5.139 |
47.286 |
71.64 |
98.91 |
138.4 |
172.15 |
208.48 |
264.19 |
399.9 |
1465.1 |
1648.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mg |
7.646 |
15.035 |
80.143 |
109.31 |
141.27 |
186.51 |
224.95 |
265.92 |
328 |
367.5 |
1761.8 |
1963 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Al |
5.986 |
18.826 |
28.448 |
119.99 |
153.75 |
190.47 |
241.44 |
284.59 |
330.2 |
398.6 |
442 |
2086 |
2304 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Si |
8.151 |
16.345 |
33.492 |
45.141 |
166.77 |
205.08 |
246.49 |
303.16 |
351.1 |
401.4 |
476.1 |
523 |
2438 |
2673 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P |
10.486 |
19.725 |
30.18 |
51.42 |
65.02 |
220.45 |
263.28 |
309.37 |
371.7 |
424.4 |
479.5 |
561 |
612 |
2817 |
3070 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
S |
10.36 |
23.33 |
34.83 |
47.3 |
72.68 |
88.05 |
280.01 |
328.33 |
379.1 |
447.1 |
504.7 |
565 |
652 |
707 |
3224 |
3494 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cl |
12.967 |
23.81 |
39.61 |
53.46 |
67.7 |
97.03 |
114.19 |
348.37 |
400.4 |
455.6 |
529.3 |
592 |
657 |
750 |
809 |
3658 |
3946 |
|
|
|
|
Ar |
15.739 |
27.629 |
40.74 |
59.81 |
75.04 |
91.01 |
124.4 |
143.45 |
422.6 |
478.9 |
539 |
618 |
686 |
756 |
855 |
918 |
4121 |
4426 |
|
|
|
K |
4.341 |
31.63 |
45.72 |
60.92 |
82.66 |
99.9 |
117.7 |
154.98 |
175.8 |
503.6 |
564.4 |
629 |
714 |
787 |
862 |
968 |
1034 |
4611 |
4934 |
|
|
Ca |
6.113 |
11.871 |
50.91 |
67.15 |
84.43 |
108.78 |
127.7 |
147.4 |
188.7 |
211.3 |
591.6 |
657 |
726 |
817 |
895 |
974 |
1087 |
1157 |
5129 |
5470 |
|
Sc |
6.54 |
12.8 |
24.76 |
73.7 |
91.7 |
111.1 |
138 |
158.7 |
180.2 |
225.4 |
249.8 |
686 |
756 |
830 |
927 |
1009 |
1094 |
1213 |
1288 |
5675 |
6034 |
Ti |
6.82 |
13.58 |
27.49 |
43.26 |
99.4 |
119.36 |
140.8 |
169.4 |
193 |
216.2 |
265.3 |
292 |
788 |
862 |
941 |
1044 |
1131 |
1221 |
1346 |
1425 |
6249 |
V |
6.74 |
14.65 |
29.31 |
46.71 |
65.23 |
128.6 |
150.3 |
173.6 |
205.8 |
230.5 |
255.1 |
308 |
336 |
896 |
975 |
1060 |
1168 |
1260 |
1355 |
1486 |
1569 |
Cr |
6.766 |
16.5 |
30.96 |
49.1 |
70.2 |
90.57 |
161.1 |
184.6 |
209.3 |
244.4 |
270.7 |
298 |
355 |
384 |
1011 |
1097 |
1185 |
1299 |
1396 |
1496 |
1634 |
Mn |
7.435 |
15.64 |
33.67 |
51.4 |
73 |
97 |
119.27 |
196.47 |
221.8 |
248.3 |
286 |
314 |
344 |
404 |
435 |
1136 |
1224 |
1317 |
1437 |
1539 |
1644 |
Fe |
7.87 |
16.16 |
30.651 |
54.8 |
75.5 |
100 |
128.3 |
151.12 |
235 |
262.1 |
290.4 |
331 |
361 |
392 |
457 |
489 |
1266 |
1358 |
1456 |
1582 |
1689 |
Co |
7.86 |
17.06 |
33.5 |
51.3 |
79.5 |
103 |
131 |
160 |
186.2 |
276.2 |
305 |
336 |
379 |
411 |
444 |
512 |
547 |
1402 |
1500 |
1602 |
1734 |
Ni |
7.635 |
18.168 |
35.17 |
54.9 |
75.5 |
108 |
134 |
164 |
193 |
224.6 |
321 |
352 |
384 |
430 |
464 |
499 |
571 |
607 |
1546 |
1648 |
1756 |
Cu |
7.726 |
20.292 |
36.83 |
55.2 |
79.9 |
103 |
139 |
167 |
199 |
232 |
266 |
369 |
401 |
435 |
484 |
520 |
557 |
633 |
671 |
1698 |
1804 |
Zn |
9.394 |
17.964 |
39.72 |
59.4 |
82.6 |
108 |
136 |
175 |
203 |
238 |
274 |
311 |
412 |
454 |
490 |
542 |
579 |
619 |
698 |
738 |
1856 |
Ga |
5.999 |
20.51 |
30.71 |
64 |
87 |
116 |
140 |
170 |
212 |
243 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ge |
7.899 |
15.934 |
34.22 |
45.71 |
93.5 |
112 |
144 |
174 |
207 |
250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As |
9.81 |
18.633 |
28.351 |
50.13 |
62.63 |
127.6 |
147 |
179 |
212 |
242 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Se |
9.9752 |
21.19 |
30.82 |
42.944 |
68.3 |
81.7 |
155.4 |
184 |
218 |
250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Br |
11.814 |
21.8 |
36 |
47.3 |
59.7 |
88.6 |
103 |
192.8 |
224 |
257 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kr |
13.999 |
24.359 |
36.95 |
52.5 |
64.7 |
78.5 |
111 |
126 |
230.9 |
263 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rb |
4.177 |
27.28 |
40 |
52.6 |
71 |
84.4 |
99.2 |
136 |
150 |
277.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sr |
5.695 |
11.03 |
43.6 |
57 |
71.6 |
90.8 |
106 |
122.3 |
162 |
177 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y |
6.38 |
12.24 |
20.52 |
61.8 |
77 |
93 |
116 |
129 |
146.2 |
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zr |
6.84 |
13.13 |
22.99 |
34.34 |
81.5 |
99 |
117 |
140 |
155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nb |
6.88 |
14.32 |
25.04 |
38.3 |
50.55 |
102.6 |
125 |
142 |
162 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|